In linguistics, word formation is the creation of a new word on the basis of another word or morpheme.
To create a noun, we often add: -ment, -ion, -ness, -ity, -th ...
To create an adjective, we often add: -able, -ible, -ive, -al, -ic, -ed, -ing ...
To create some verbs, we often add: -ise, -ate, -fy, -en ...
To create adverbs, we often add: -ly.
To create agent nouns, we often add: -er, -or, -ist, -ian, -ee, -ier, ...
To create a negative, we often add the prefix: un- , im- , in- , dis- , etc.
A. Make nouns out of the words in parentheses:
1. He blushed with (embarrass) ________________ when I told him to zip his pants:
2. She roared with (laugh) _______________ when I told her the joke.
3. Listen up, please. I have an (announce) ________________ to make.
4. A balanced diet is essential for healthy (grow) ______________.
5. The (discover) _____________ of oil in the Middle East was in early 1900's.
6. The authorities refused to grant us (permit) ______________ to demonstrate.
7. Teachers must take pride in their (responsible) ______________ to shape the young minds of the future.
8. Zimbabwe returned to (calm) ______________ following three days of protests.
9. The room was a hive of (active) ______________ before the meeting.
10. "(Behave) ______________ in which everyone shows his image."
2. She roared with (laugh) _______________ when I told her the joke.
3. Listen up, please. I have an (announce) ________________ to make.
4. A balanced diet is essential for healthy (grow) ______________.
5. The (discover) _____________ of oil in the Middle East was in early 1900's.
6. The authorities refused to grant us (permit) ______________ to demonstrate.
7. Teachers must take pride in their (responsible) ______________ to shape the young minds of the future.
8. Zimbabwe returned to (calm) ______________ following three days of protests.
9. The room was a hive of (active) ______________ before the meeting.
10. "(Behave) ______________ in which everyone shows his image."
KEY: 1. embarrassment , 2. laughter , 3. announcement , 4. growth, 5. discovery , 6. permission 7, responsibility, 8. calmness , 9. activity , 10. behavior.
B. Make verbs out of the words in parentheses: (-ze, -ate, -fy, -en)
1. Viruses (fright) __________________ me out of my wits.
2. You don’t need to (American)__________________ your culture to look modern.
3. They always (celebration) __________________ their wedding anniversary with friends at home.
4. We hope the people will (unity) __________________ ranks and work together to rebuild the country.
5. Don't you (threat) __________________ me, or I will call the police.
6. I would (appreciation) __________________ it if you send me the program of the meeting.
7. We need a cadre of younger technocrats to working to (modern) __________________ the country.
8. Our local team needs to win to (quality) __________________ to the finals.
2. You don’t need to (American)__________________ your culture to look modern.
3. They always (celebration) __________________ their wedding anniversary with friends at home.
4. We hope the people will (unity) __________________ ranks and work together to rebuild the country.
5. Don't you (threat) __________________ me, or I will call the police.
6. I would (appreciation) __________________ it if you send me the program of the meeting.
7. We need a cadre of younger technocrats to working to (modern) __________________ the country.
8. Our local team needs to win to (quality) __________________ to the finals.
KEY: 1. frighten, 2. Americanize, 3. celebrate, 4. unify, 5. threaten, 6. appreciate 7, modernize, 8. qualify.
C. Make agent nouns out of the words in parentheses:
1. A (lobby) ___________________ is one who conducts activities aimed at influencing of swaying public officials.
2. The (library) ___________________ told me how to use the catalog system.
3. (Prince) ___________________ Diana died following a horrific car crash in Paris in 1997.
4. Hera was (god) ___________________ of marriage and the queen of Olympus.
5. A (grocery) ___________________ sells a wide range of both food supplies and non-edible articles for household use.
6. A (pharmacy)' ___________________ s job is to prepare and sell medicines in a shop.
7. The (cash) ___________________ at our local store is very polite.
8. George Carlin is my favorite stand-up (comedy) ___________________ .
9. You should see your (law) ___________________ before you say anything.
10. He is an (amateurish) ___________________ singer, not a professional one.
2. The (library) ___________________ told me how to use the catalog system.
3. (Prince) ___________________ Diana died following a horrific car crash in Paris in 1997.
4. Hera was (god) ___________________ of marriage and the queen of Olympus.
5. A (grocery) ___________________ sells a wide range of both food supplies and non-edible articles for household use.
6. A (pharmacy)' ___________________ s job is to prepare and sell medicines in a shop.
7. The (cash) ___________________ at our local store is very polite.
8. George Carlin is my favorite stand-up (comedy) ___________________ .
9. You should see your (law) ___________________ before you say anything.
10. He is an (amateurish) ___________________ singer, not a professional one.
KEY: 1. lobbyist, 2. librarian, 3. Princess, 4. goddess, 5. grocer, 6. pharmacist 7, cashier, 8. comedian, 9. lawyer, 10. amateur.
D. Make opposites out of the words in parentheses:
1. Cocaine, LSD and heroin are all (legal) _______________ substances.
2. It’s (polite) _______________ to interrupt people when whey are talking.
3. It’s (correct) _______________ to address people you don’t know by their first names.
4. I was (able) t_______________ o attend the meeting because I had a terrible toothache.
5. It's (responsible) _______________ to ignore corona virus prevention guidelines.
6. The judge said the facts are (irrelevant)_______________ to the case.
7. The director made (proper) _______________use of state money.
8. His (caring) _______________ attitude did not win him many friends.
9. Almost 32% Moroccans are (literate) _______________.
10. You can’t wear this dress. It’s (decent)_______________ .
2. It’s (polite) _______________ to interrupt people when whey are talking.
3. It’s (correct) _______________ to address people you don’t know by their first names.
4. I was (able) t_______________ o attend the meeting because I had a terrible toothache.
5. It's (responsible) _______________ to ignore corona virus prevention guidelines.
6. The judge said the facts are (irrelevant)_______________ to the case.
7. The director made (proper) _______________use of state money.
8. His (caring) _______________ attitude did not win him many friends.
9. Almost 32% Moroccans are (literate) _______________.
10. You can’t wear this dress. It’s (decent)_______________ .
KEY: 1. illegal, 2. impolite, 3. incorrect, 4. unable, 5. irresponsible, 6. irrelevant 7, improper, 8. uncaring, 9. illiterate, 10. indecent.
E. Put the words between brackets in the correct form:
1. Many people often make a (compare) _______________ between London and New York.
2. Collecting spiders might seem an unusual (active), _______________ but many people do it.
3. The (popular) _______________ of the Rubik's Cube peaked in the early 1980s.
4. If you weren't so (critic) _______________ of Ben, he'd be happier to spend time with you.
5. I had a (rest) _______________ night’s sleep. My back was hurting and the storm outside made such a noise.
6. Doctors say a glass of warm milk before bedtime can result in a more (rest) _______________ night’s sleep.
7. Tim-Berners Lee has received many awards as the (invent) _______________ of the world wide web.
8. The singer put on an (credible) _______________ performance in the first live show.
9. Edith Piaf first rose to (famous) _______________ as a singer at the age of 16.
10. The Maastricht Treaty, in 1994, introduced the freedom of (move) _______________ between European states.
11. Many Moroccan scientists (migration) _______________ to developed countries.
12. You might risk an (injure). _____________ if you stretch when your muscles are cold.
13. (read) _______________ enriches our vocabulary and widens our knowledge.
14. People are always searching for more ways of keeping fit and (health) _____________
15. One of the problems learners of English face is how to (expansion) _______________ vocabulary.
16. Social Media today play a role in (shape) _______________ peoples’ thoughts.
17. Always wear (comfort) _____________ clothing to avoid discomfort.
18. Couscous is a popular (Morocco) _______________ dish that was once served as a staple in place of bread.
19. It is (law) _______________ to sell tobacco to someone under the age of 16.
20. Dante said, “(beautiful) _______________ awakens the soul to act.”
2. Collecting spiders might seem an unusual (active), _______________ but many people do it.
3. The (popular) _______________ of the Rubik's Cube peaked in the early 1980s.
4. If you weren't so (critic) _______________ of Ben, he'd be happier to spend time with you.
5. I had a (rest) _______________ night’s sleep. My back was hurting and the storm outside made such a noise.
6. Doctors say a glass of warm milk before bedtime can result in a more (rest) _______________ night’s sleep.
7. Tim-Berners Lee has received many awards as the (invent) _______________ of the world wide web.
8. The singer put on an (credible) _______________ performance in the first live show.
9. Edith Piaf first rose to (famous) _______________ as a singer at the age of 16.
10. The Maastricht Treaty, in 1994, introduced the freedom of (move) _______________ between European states.
11. Many Moroccan scientists (migration) _______________ to developed countries.
12. You might risk an (injure). _____________ if you stretch when your muscles are cold.
13. (read) _______________ enriches our vocabulary and widens our knowledge.
14. People are always searching for more ways of keeping fit and (health) _____________
15. One of the problems learners of English face is how to (expansion) _______________ vocabulary.
16. Social Media today play a role in (shape) _______________ peoples’ thoughts.
17. Always wear (comfort) _____________ clothing to avoid discomfort.
18. Couscous is a popular (Morocco) _______________ dish that was once served as a staple in place of bread.
19. It is (law) _______________ to sell tobacco to someone under the age of 16.
20. Dante said, “(beautiful) _______________ awakens the soul to act.”
KEY: 1. comparison 2. activity 3. popularity 4. critical 5. restless 6. restful 7. inventor 8. incredible 9. fame 10. movement 11. emigrate 12. injury 13. Reading 14. healthy 15. expand 16. shaping 17. comfortable 18. Moroccan 19. illegal. 20. Beauty.
F. Choose the correct word form from the list:
1. There are a lot of beg/beggars/begging at the old Mosque downtown.
2. Thank you for being so help/helpful/helpless yesterday, Mary.
3. A large major/majoring/majority of cell phone owners use their cell phones as a safety net.
4. My little kids always behave/behavior/misbehavior badly when guests come to visit.
5. We hope the world will learn live together in peace/peaceful/peacefully co-existence.
6. Please, read the instruct/instructions/instructor carefully before you do the quiz.
7. The instructions were a bit confuse/confused/confusing. I didn’t really understand them well.
8. My mother spent her child/childhood/childless in the countryside.
9. Employ/Employment/Unemployment is a major headache for the government.
10. Traditionally, the father of the groom presents his speak/speech/speaking first.
11. A salesman was able to persuade/persuasion/persuasive me into buying an iPhone.
12. My teacher gave me some good advise/advice/advisable about how to learn English.
13. People learning a new language usually encounter some difficulty/difficulties/difficult at first.
14. I had a lot of interesting/interested/interest experiences during my visit to Italy.
15. Happy/Unhappy/Happiness is a feeling of contentment which comes when you feel satisfied and fulfilled.
16. During this Covid-19 pandemic, house confinement may be boring/bored/boredom but safer.
17. Does hard work always guarantee succeed/success/successful?
18. Digital/Digits/Digitize cameras can display images on a screen immediately after being recorded.
19. In his childhood, Einstein was fascinating/fascinated/fascinate by mathematics, science, and music.
20. Offensive comments are not accept/acceptable/unacceptable behavior on social media.
2. Thank you for being so help/helpful/helpless yesterday, Mary.
3. A large major/majoring/majority of cell phone owners use their cell phones as a safety net.
4. My little kids always behave/behavior/misbehavior badly when guests come to visit.
5. We hope the world will learn live together in peace/peaceful/peacefully co-existence.
6. Please, read the instruct/instructions/instructor carefully before you do the quiz.
7. The instructions were a bit confuse/confused/confusing. I didn’t really understand them well.
8. My mother spent her child/childhood/childless in the countryside.
9. Employ/Employment/Unemployment is a major headache for the government.
10. Traditionally, the father of the groom presents his speak/speech/speaking first.
11. A salesman was able to persuade/persuasion/persuasive me into buying an iPhone.
12. My teacher gave me some good advise/advice/advisable about how to learn English.
13. People learning a new language usually encounter some difficulty/difficulties/difficult at first.
14. I had a lot of interesting/interested/interest experiences during my visit to Italy.
15. Happy/Unhappy/Happiness is a feeling of contentment which comes when you feel satisfied and fulfilled.
16. During this Covid-19 pandemic, house confinement may be boring/bored/boredom but safer.
17. Does hard work always guarantee succeed/success/successful?
18. Digital/Digits/Digitize cameras can display images on a screen immediately after being recorded.
19. In his childhood, Einstein was fascinating/fascinated/fascinate by mathematics, science, and music.
20. Offensive comments are not accept/acceptable/unacceptable behavior on social media.
KEY: 1. beggars 2. helpful 3. majority 4. behave 5. peaceful 6. instructions 7. confusing 8. childhood 9. unemployment 10. speech 11. persuade 12. advice 13. difficulties 14. interesting 15. happiness 16. boring 17. success 18. Digital 19. fascinated 20. acceptable.
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